EDUCATIONAL AND EDUCATIVE IDEAS OF MARIA MONTESSORI: RESEARCH OF THEIR RELEVANCE IN MODERN CONDITIONS BY ITALIAN SCIENTISTS

Abstract

This article explores the educational philosophy and international influence of Maria Montessori (1870–1952), an Italian physician, educator and innovator in child-centered learning. Montessori’s approach, which emphasizes self-directed activity, practical learning, and collaborative play, has reshaped early childhood education around the world. She developed her educational principles in early 20th-century Italy, advocating for child autonomy, freedom within limits and respect for individual developmental needs. Her method, now widely adopted throughout the world, emphasizes the importance of prepared environments where children can engage with materials that develop practical, sensory and academic skills at their own pace. Despite Montessori’s innovative activities, her ideas initially faced resistance in her native Italy, partly due to a traditional and centralized educational system reluctant to adopt her radical, child-centered approach. This article delves into recent Italian research revisiting Montessori’s contributions, assessing their lasting impact and potential for adaptation within modern educational practices. Italian scholars highlight Montessori’s relevance as they seek methods that democratize learning, foster inclusivity and honor each child’s unique growth trajectory. The article also considers Montessori’s ideas in relation to current educational challenges, noting the flexibility of the method in meeting diverse learning needs. Montessori’s focus on respectful, non-coercive education, as well as her commitment to permitting children to take responsibility for their learning, aligns with contemporary discussions around inclusive education and personalized learning. The article contextualizes Montessori’s method within global educational reform, examining how her ideas on child activity and self-discipline continue to inspire pedagogical approaches focused on social-emotional growth, creativity and critical thinking. The legacy of Maria Montessori exemplifies a revolutionary shift in how childhood education can prioritize the holistic development of young learners, nurturing a sense of curiosity, responsibility and respect for others that is as relevant today as it was a century ago. The article highlights Montessori’s enduring impact, the evolution of her system across cultures and its adaptability in meeting the complex demands of modern education systems in the whole world.